astrology(占星術)
dermatology(皮膚醫學)
neurology(神經學)
ethnology(人種學) 
etymology(語源學) 

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Topic: 奥陶纪海洋生物進化
Type:自然科學/論點陳述/open conclusion/作者無立場
   

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1.      because of 因為… 所以
2.      due to = 3 owing to 由於….導致
4.      on account of 基於.…原因
5.      as a result of 由於….之結果
6.      with 伴隨情況因

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Topic: 胡蘿蔔素對生物的影響作用
Type: 新舊論點陳述/現象解釋/作者引用新觀點補充舊觀點

Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important art of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues.  Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration.  Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health.  The conventional view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare:  healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts.  Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health.  It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females.  Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.

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13. 何者為真

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Topic:動物藉由直接或間接的觀察群體社交活動而學習

Type:自然科學/論點陳述/引用學者論點提出忽略因素/

Para 1 陳述大眾觀點

Para 2 舉例( Both sides of common view)

Para 3 引用學者實驗解釋大眾觀點的反例

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Topic: 社會主義派利用婦女族群的不滿與需求進行抗爭活動,壯大聲勢。
Type: 政治社會類/ 歷史現象陳述/ 兩個團體背後訴求不同/ 作者認為兩者

 In mid-February 1917 a women’s movement independent of political affiliation erupted in New York City, the stronghold of the Socialist party in the United states. Protesting against the high cost of living, thousands of women refused to buy chickens, fish, and vegetables. The boycott shut down much of the City’s foodstuffs marketing for two weeks, riveting public attention on the issue of food prices, which had increased partly as a result of increased exports of food to Europe that had been occurring since the outbreak of the First World War.


By early 1917 the Socialist party had established itself as a major political presence in New York City. New York Socialists, whose customary spheres of struggle were electoral work and trade union organizing, seized the opportunity and quickly organized an extensive series of cost-of-living protests designed to direct the women’s movement toward Socialist goals. Underneath the Socialists’ brief commitment to cost-of-living organizing lay a basic indifference to the issue itself. While some Socialists did view price protests as a direct step toward socialism, most Socialists ultimately sought to divert the cost-of-living movement into alternative channels of protest. Union organizing, they argued, was the best method through which to combat the high cost of living. For others, cost-of-living or organizing was valuable insofar as it led women into the struggle for suffrage, and similarly, the suffrage struggle was valuable insofar as it moved United States society one step closer to socialism.

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TN14 Q24-27

主題:AFL對醫療健保的態度立場
類型:長篇/客觀描述/作者無立場/偏社會學

P1-
●勞工支持全民健保

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TN17 Q32-35

主題:中國人改良了英國人測量聖母峰的方法
類型:中篇/類科學/客觀描述/簡單

P1
●主題:中國人remeasure聖母峰

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hi I am Amber,here's my article analysis XDDDD

紅色是我覺得的重點句;黃底是我的中文翻譯想法;粗體是相關連結

然後我看了大概20-30分鐘吧,不知道是峇里島回來無法專心還是怎樣XDDD

請享用,並請在底下留言指正,感謝<3

For over a year, intellectual property reform advocates and their allies in Congress have been trying to advance legislation designed to crack down on so-called patent trolls, which are firms that don’t build products, but rather seek to extract license fees or legal judgments from other companies. Until recently, prospects for reform appeared good, as lawmakers honed legislation that would curb the worst kind of patent troll abuse.

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※Topic: Envirmental regulations and the related costs thereof

※Style: 現象解釋

※架構:作者第一句就出現,破題點出在講"迷思"(myths),之後舉三個例子說明環境汙染法規所徵收的稅率其實跟大眾想像的不一樣,最後點出environmental managers存在的必要性。XDDD

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Earth’s surface consists of rigid plates that are constantly shifting and jostling one another.  Plate movements are the surface expressions of motions in the mantle—the thick shell of rock that lies between Earth’s crust and its metallic core.  Although the hot rock of the mantle is a solid, under the tremendous pressure of the crust and overlying rock of the mantle, it flows like a viscous liquid.  The mantle’s motions, analogous to those in a pot of boiling water, cool the mantle by carrying hot material to the surface and returning cooler material to the depths.  When the edge of one plate bends under another and its cooler material is consumed in the mantle, volcanic activity occurs as molten lava rises from the downgoing plate and erupts through the overlying one.

Most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries.  However, certain “misplaced” volcanoes far from plate edges result from a second, independent mechanism that cools the deep interior of Earth. Because of its proximity to Earth’s core, the rock at the base of the mantle is much hotter than rock in the upper mantle.  The hotter the mantle rock is, the less it resists flowing.  Reservoirs of this hot rock collect in the base of the mantle.  When a reservoir is sufficiently large, a sphere of this hot rock forces its way up through the upper mantle to Earth’s surface, creating a broad bulge in the topography.  The “mantle plume” thus formed, once established, continues to channel hot material from the mantle base until the reservoir is emptied. The surface mark of an established plume is a hot spot—an isolated region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain located far from the edge of a surface plate.  Because the source of a hot spot remains fixed while a surface plate moves over it, over a long period of time an active plume creates a chain of volcanoes or volcanic islands, a track marking the position of the plume relative to the moving plate.  The natural history of the Hawaiian island chain clearly shows the movement of the Pacific plate over a fixed plume.
【Vocabulary】
Rigid  (adj.)剛硬的

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Hey,I am Amber.I was confused about the GWD-14-Q12-SC

Then I search some information below,hope it can help us<3

我們知道,except, except forexcepting都有"……"的意思,但在用法上卻有所不同。現將其分述如下:

  一、 except 用於表示同類事物之間的關係,其意為"……以外""除去"

  1. except後面可接名詞、代詞、動詞、副詞、介詞短語和從句等。如:

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